Saturday, July 30, 2022

THE PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLE



THE PHOTOGRAPHIC  PRINCIPLE

The Theory of Light for Photography

Some philosophers contend that to the existence of light alone we owe the beautiful effects produced by the Photogenic art, while others give sufficient reasons for doubting the correctness of the assumption. That the results are effected by a principle associated with light and not by the luminous principle itself, is the most probable conclusion. The importance of a knowledge of this fact becomes most essential in practice, as will presently be seen. To this principle Mr. Hunt gives the name of ENERGIA.


The Nature of Light 

The Nature of Light is not wholly known, but it is generally believed to be matter, as in its motions it obeys the laws regulating matter. So closely is it connected with heat and electricity that there can be little doubt of their all being but different modifications of the same substance. I will not, however, enter into a statement of the various theories of Philosophers on this head, but content myself with that of Sir Isaac Newton; who supposed rays of light to consist of minute particles of matter, which are constantly emanating from luminous bodies and cause vision, as odoriferous particles, proceeding from certain bodies, cause smelling.

The effects of light upon other bodies, and how light is effected by them, involve some of the most important principles, which if properly understood by Daguerreotypists would enable them to improve and correct many of the practical operations in their art. These effects we shall exhibit in this and the following chapters. Before we enter on this subject it will be necessary to become familiar with the

Definitions of some of the terms used in the science of optics.


Luminous bodies are of two kinds; those which shine by their own light, and those which shine by reflected light.

Transparent bodies are such as permit rays of light to pass through them.

Translucent bodies permit light to pass faintly, but without representing the figure of objects seen through them.

Opaque bodies permit no light to pass through them, but reflect light.

A ray is a line of light.

A beam is a collection of parallel rays.

A pencil is a collection of converging, or diverging rays.

A medium is any space through which light passes.

Incident rays are those which fall upon the surface of a body.

Reflected rays are those which are thrown off from a body.

Parallel rays are such as proceed equally distant from each other through their whole course.

Converging rays are such as approach and tend to unite at any one point, 

Diverging rays are those which continue to recede from each other, 

A Focus is that point at which converging rays meet.

MOTION OF LIGHT

Rays of light are thrown off from luminous bodies in every direction, but always in straight lines, which cross each other at every point; but the particles of which each ray consists are so minute that the rays do not appear to be impeded by each other. A ray of light passing through an aperture into a dark room, proceeds in a straight line; a fact of which any one may be convinced by going into a darkened room and admitting light only through a small aperture.



Singapore Budget Tour and Popular Tourist Spots

How do you Visit Singapore and Where do visit Singapore?

Singapore is one of top most tourist country in Asia. Singapore is an island city-state off southern Malaysia, is a global financial center with a tropical climate and multicultural population. Its colonial core centers on the Padang, a cricket field since the 1830s and now flanked by grand buildings such as City Hall, with its 18 Corinthian columns. In Singapore's circa-1820 Chinatown stands the red-and-gold Buddha Tooth Relic Temple, said to house one of Buddha's teeth.


What Needs If  You Want to Visit Singapore?

First of all you need entry pass, please be informed this article mainly focused on budget tour in Singapore. Depending your country you may need prior visa or on arival visa. If your travel document is issued by one of the countries or regions below, you will need a visa to enter Singapore. Click to find  individual countries or regions below to find out more.


Singapore Visa Requirement

Singapore Visa Requirement for Bangladeshi Passport

The Consulate of the Republic of Singapore in Dhaka processes visa applications for Bangladeshi Nationals and other foreigners who require a social visa to enter Singapore.

Documents Required for Visa Application


  • Valid passport with at least six months validity from the date of arrival in Singapore. 
  • 1 set of application form, duly completed (Form 14A)
  • Letter of Introduction (LOI) to be issued by a local contact in Singapore:
  • For Social Visitors, any Singapore Citizen or Singapore Permanent Resident, who is at least 21 years old, can act as a local contact.
  • For Business Visitors, a Singapore registered company / organisation can act as a local contact. The LOI must be signed by a Singapore Citizen or Singapore Permanent Resident, who is at least 21 years old, only.
  • A recent passport-sized photograph with the following specifications:
  • The photograph must be taken within the past 3 months
  • Photograph should be in colour, must be taken against a white backgroundwith a Matt or semi-Matt finish
  • Image must show the full face and without headgear (headgear worn in accordance with religious or racial customs is acceptable but must not hide the facial features)
  • The facial image must be between 25 mm and 35 mm from chin to crown.
  • Photocopy of the bio-data page of the applicant's passport.

For details on visa requirements, please visit www.ica.gov.sg

Visa feee
Bangladesh Taka equivalent SGD$30/- per Applicant excluding Agent’s Fee.

where to stay in singapore on a budget


Royal Hotel In Singapore

Now it is easy to use some apps like Agoda, tripadvisor, booking.com etc. to find your hotel depending on your budget. 

In a budget tour you may stay in Little India or China Town area where many more budget hotels, also some hostel operated there that offer very cheap sits.  More details You can find your location and hotel to booking.

Use

What to Visit in Singapore?

There are many more tourist spots in Singapore that you may visit. Depending your visit duration, you may plan your tourist route and spots. Some of popular tourist spots in Sinapore is as below:

Singapore Marina Bay Sands (Skypark)

Singapore Marina Bay that offers a luxury 2,561-room hotel, an art convention and exhibition center, the Shoppes Mall, an Art & Science museum, two Sands Theatres, seven “celebrity chef” restaurants, two floating pavilions and a casino with 500 tables.

Singapore Marina Bay Sands
The Marina Bay Sands Infinity Pool rests on the 56th floor of Marina Bay Sands. This incredible infinity edged pool is the longest elevated swimming pool in the world with 150 metres (478 ft.) wide, which stands 191 meters from the ground. But do not get too excited, the pool is for exclusive use of the luxury hotel guests.

Merlion Statue – Merlion Park, Singapore

Merlion Statue – Merlion Park, Singapore
Marina Bay and Meriloion Park- Singapore. This park is home to an 8.6 meter-tall and 40 ton-weight, water-spouting Merlion. The Singapore’s tourism icon is a mythical creature with the head of a lion and the body of a fish. Its name combines “mer” meaning the sea and “lion”. The “Singa” or lion head represents Singapore’s original name — Singapura — meaning “lion city”, and the fish is a tribute to Singapore’s history as “Temasek”, the ancient fishing village.



Jubaly Bridge Merilion Singapore

Gardens by the Bay Singapore

Gardens by the Bay is a surreal green oasis in the heart of Singapore. It brings plants to life in a way you’ve never seen before. There you are surrounded by nature whilst feeling like you have stepped into the Avatar movie. This huge, colourful, futuristic park is famous for its high-tech Supertree Grove – a collection of magical giant trees – as well as Cloud Forest and Flower Dome – the world’s largest climate-controlled greenhouses.

Gardens by the Bay Singapore

Singapore National Museum

The Singapore History Museum reopened as the National Museum of Singapore: the largest museum on the island. There are two main galleries: the Singapore History Gallery, which traces the history of Singapore from its beginnings in the fourteenth century to the present day, and the Singapore Living Galleries, which focus on four lifestyle themes – food, fashion, film and photography. It’s worth a visit just for the building, an imposing neoclassical structure, complemented by modern glass additions.


Singapore National Museum

SEA Aquarium at Resorts World Sentosa


Sing ‘unda tha sea’ as you ogle at over 800 species of marine wildlife in the world's largest aquarium, which also has the title of the largest collection of manta rays in captivity. Amongst the other underwater beasties tenured here are nurse sharks, hammerhead sharks, eels, clownfish, giant octopuses, bottlenose dolphins and seahorses. 


SEA Aquarium at Resorts World Sentosa


Singapore Cable Car in Sentosa Park

Singapore Cable Car from Faber Peak Singapore down to Sentosa Station. This unique mode of transportation can also be transformed into a private dining space where you're served a four-course meal with dishes like wagyu beef cheek and smoked duck breast during the 90-minute ride.


Singapore Cable Car in Sentosa Park


Vivo City Singapore


Vivo City is also a gateway to Sentosa Island. Visitors can get on the Sentosa Express monorail train that runs across the bridge to Sentosa in under 10 minutes. Vivo City is claimed to be the largest shopping mall in Singapore. It is located at the former World Trade Centre site, now known as HarbourFront. The shopping center is a shoppers' paradise with hundreds of shops, restaurants, and entertainment centres.

Vivo City singapore



Friday, July 29, 2022

The Best Nikon D850 DSLR Camera

Nikon D850 Camera

The Specification of the Nikon D850 Camera


The detailed specifications of the Nikon DSLR D850 camera are below

Nikon D850 Specification

 

Body Type

Body type

Mid-size SLR

Sensor

Maximum Resolution

8256 x 5504

Image ratio w:h

1:1, 5:4, 3:2, 16:9

Effective pixels

46.00 megapixels

Sensor photodetectors

47.00 megapixels

Sensor size

Full frame (35.9 x 23.9 mm)

Sensor type

BSI-CMOS

Processor

Expeed 5

Image

ISO

102400

White balance presets

14

Custom white balance

Yes (6 slots)

Image stabilization

No

Uncompressed format

RAW + TIFF

JPEG quality levels

Fine, normal, basic

Optics & Focus

Autofocus

·        Contrast Detect (sensor)

·        Phase Detect

·        Multi-area

·        Center

·        Selective single-point

·        Tracking

·        Single

·        Continuous

·        Touch

·        Face Detection

·        Live View

Manual focus

Yes

Number of focus points

151

Lens mount

Nikon F

Focal length multiplier

Screen/viewfinder

Articulated LCD

Tilting

Screen size

3.2"

Screen dots

2359000

Touch screen

Yes

Screen type

TFT LCD

Live view

Yes

Viewfinder type

Optical (pentaprism)

Viewfinder coverage

100%

Viewfinder magnification

0.75×

Photography features

Minimum shutter speed

30 sec

Maximum shutter speed

1/8000 sec

Aperture priority

Yes

Shutter priority

Yes

Manual exposure mode

Yes

Subject/scene modes

No

Built-in flash

No

External flash

Yes (via hot shoe or flash sync port)

Flash modes

Front-curtain sync (normal), Rear-curtain sync, Red-eye reduction, Red-eye reduction with slow sync,

Continuous drive

9.0 fps

Self-timer

Yes (2, 5, 10, 20 secs)

Metering modes

·        Multi

·        Center-weighted

·        Highlight-weighted

·        Spot

Exposure compensation

±5 (at 1/3 EV, 1/2 EV, 1 EV steps)

AE Bracketing

±5 (2, 3, 5, 7 frames at 1/3 EV, 1/2 EV, 2/3 EV, 1 EV steps)

WB Bracketing

Yes (2-9 exposures in 1, 2, or 3EV increments)

Videography features

Format

·        3840 x 2160 @ 30p, MOV, H.264, Linear PCM

·        3840 x 2160 @ 25p, MOV, H.264, Linear PCM

·        3840 x 2160 @ 24p, MOV, H.264, Linear PCM

·        1920 x 1080 @ 120p, MOV, H.264, Linear PCM

·        1920 x 1080 @ 60p, MOV, H.264, Linear PCM

·        1920 x 1080 @ 50p, MOV, H.264, Linear PCM

·        1920 x 1080 @ 30p, MOV, H.264, Linear PCM

·        1920 x 1080 @ 25p, MOV, H.264, Linear PCM

·        1920 x 1080 @ 24p, MOV, H.264, Linear PCM

·        1280 x 720 @ 60p, MOV, H.264, Linear PCM

·        1280 x 720 @ 50p, MOV, H.264, Linear PCM

Microphone

Stereo

Speaker

Mono

Storage

Storage types

SD/SDHC/SDXC (UHS-II supported) + XQD

Connectivity

USB

USB 3.0 (5 GBit/sec)

HDMI

Yes

Wireless

802.11b/g + NFC + Bluetooth 4.1 LE

Remote control

Yes (wired, wireless, smartphone)

Physical

Environmentally sealed

Yes

Battery

Battery Pack

Battery description

EN-EL15a lithium-ion battery & charger

Battery life

1840

Weight (inc. batteries)

1005g

Dimensions

146 x 124 x 79 mm (5.75 x 4.88 x 3.11″)

Other Features

Orientation sensor

Yes

Timelapse recording

Yes (4K or 8K movies)

GPS

None


What are People Saying about the Nikon DSLR D850 camera?

Mr Aleksandar Ratkovic said -
Adobe package has its shortcomings, but more in compatibility and performance department. To claim there is nothing useful included to justify the price, is, well, a little silly, in the absence of a better expression (to say simple "wrong" - is not enough).

Maybe You don't know about new stuff, or didn't care to learn?

Also, why everybody is complaining about the price? 50-70$ per month, for the COMPLETE package to do ANY visual creative work at a PROFESSIONAL level (or near-professional in some areas), is, like, cheap, man! You pay that off with one design job, even here, in a third-world country with 500€ average salary (inflated, the true average is 350€)

Anyway, Adobe is declining in good reputation with me too, for a few reasons, that has much to do with some sloppiness, also a little elitist attitude and discrimination of country where I live (I can not buy Adobe cc regularly, and I have chat transcript with Adobe official in which I claim that I must use pirated software since they don't want my money, just in case :) )
But, they DO make PROGRESS, since cs4, LEAPS of progress, even!

Mr. Jon Hillenbrand  
I just tested this on my D850, Live View (Movie), DX sensor crop, 16:9 .nef. I can NOT duplicate this problem with my D850. I also did the same test with my D800 and had NO problems importing or viewing the files. I also tried this with a D4S and didn't have any issues importing or viewing the files.

Looks like this must be limited to only certain serial numbers or certain versions of LR. I'm using LR version 8.2.1 on a PC. Camera Raw version 11.2.1.

Also, there's a lot of hate on here regarding LR vs. Capture One. I honestly only have negligible problems with LR like a recurring bug where when I hit Ctrl Shift S, it sometimes exports files or it will "Paste" settings. The workaround is to restart LR, which only takes a minute. This happens about once a week.



Other than that, I really enjoy the flexibility and organization LR gives me. I really like the interface and that you can customize what modules are visible, solo mode, etc. I have a very efficient workflow using it. 

There are a few things I wish it could do, but that's just nitpicking. Overall, this is the very best post-production tool I could have asked for. I've never used Capture One in my workflow, but I tried the demo last year and wasn't blown away. 

LR is constantly being updated which means you have to keep your computer updated also, which can be a challenge in a corporate environment. But making the case has never been difficult. Maybe I would feel different if I were paying for CC myself instead of having my company foot that monthly bill.

If you're shooting video and you are in DX crop mode, then stop recording to shoot a photo of something you like without switching back to photo mode, that's the situation. Seems oddly specific, but I've been in that situation before. 

I rarely shoot in DX crop mode, but I do from time to time to break up a video shoot. And I must say that I do really like the 16x9 crop mode that you get in video live view. I know you can crop 16x9 in the post, but getting that cropping in-camera helps visualization.

From a programming perspective, I wonder if it has to do with LR looking at the metadata and seeing that it's video mode, not photo mode, and 16x9, not 4x3, and DX mode on an FX body, yet still a NEF, not a video file. 

If LR is using metadata to sort programming presets or categories when processing the image and creating the predicted look of a Nikon body, I could see this being a problem. 

It's just a situation the programmers never anticipated. It would be interesting to know that they are predicting Nikon's look based on the metadata situation, not necessarily on the camera body. I wonder if this happens with other bodies that can shoot DX photos in video live view.